Hill Cipher - 2661 Words

CioheWednesday, April 13, 2016 University of Botswana ISS 334 LAB 2 ASSIGNMENT Ndlovu.I 200902852 Ndlovu.I ISS 334 Lab 2 Assignment Page 1 of 27 Wednesday, April 13, 2016 Contents 1. Hill Cipher Description .......................................................................................................................... 3 2. Question ................................................................................................................................................ 3 3. Implementation .................................................................................................................................... 3 3.1. Hill Cipher Encryption and†¦show more content†¦Step 3 is the same as Step 2 but using a different matrix multiplication to find the key. All the programs have written in java using Dr. Java. Ndlovu.I ISS 334 Lab 2 Assignment Page 3 of 27 Wednesday, April 13, 2016 3.1. Hill Cipher Encryption and Decryption Ndlovu.I ISS 334 Lab 2 Assignment Page 4 of 27 Wednesday, April 13, 2016 3.1.1. Part 1 Class Basic the class has the indexOfChar and indexAtChar method. The first method matches characters of a string to the alphabet and returns a numeric value, the second method is used to return a char which is located at the position int pos. Class Hill has an object basic of the class basic so as to access the methods from the basic class, this is done later on in the program. Class Hill also contains method Hill, this ensures that the matrix we are using is a 2X2 matrix, that’s why the variable block=2. The method reads the key matrix. The user will enter in the first number and press â€Å"enter† and do this until the fourth number is entered. The assumption is that we are using a 2x2 matrix as the key size. Ndlovu.I ISS 334 Lab 2 Assignment Page 5 of 27 Wednesday, April 13, 2016 Ndlovu.I ISS 334 Lab 2 Assignment Page 6 of 27 Wednesday, April 13, 2016 3.1.2. Part 2 The method KeyInverse also reads 4 integers which are stored to the double array Key[][] and uses them for the decryption key. The method encryptBlock isShow MoreRelatedSystematic Study Of Avalanche Effect2978 Words   |  12 Pagessuch algorithm to provide data security. It is further modified as Triple DES (3DES) to provide added security due to the extra key length. In DES, 3DES the data is coded in binary system. Avalanche effect is the variation that is observed in the cipher text due to one bit variation in the plain text. In this paper we implement Triple DES algorithms in which the plain text is encoded using various binary coded decimal systems such as 8421, 7421, 5421, excess-3, gray code etc†¦before encrypting itRead MoreTypes Of Passive And Active Security Attacks Essay2288 Words   |  10 Pagesa What are the two basic functions used in encryption algorithms? (1 points) The functions used in encryption alogirthms are the substitution and transformation of a plaintext to ciphertext. 2.b What are the two general approaches to attacking a cipher? (1 points) The two general approach are: Cryptanalysis Brute-force attack. â€Æ' 2.c List and briefly define types of cryptanalytic attacks based on what is known to the attacker. (2 points) Types of cryptanalytic attacks are as follows: CiphertextRead MoreNetwork Security : Measures Protect Data During Their Transmission Over A Collection Of Interconnected Networks1068 Words   |  5 Pagessolutions to computer and communications security problems Classical Encryption Techniques Substitution Techniques †¢ Caesar Cipher †¢ Monoalphabetic Ciphers †¢ Playfair Cipher †¢ Hill Cipher †¢ Polyalphabetic Ciphers †¢ One-Time Pad †¢ Transposition (Permutation) Techniques †¢ Rail Fence Technique †¢ Block (Columnar) Transposition Technique Product Techniques Substitution and transposition ciphers are concatenated 2. Steganography The art of covered writing Security by obscurity Hide messages in other messagesRead MoreNetwork Security : Measures Protect Data During Their Transmission Over A Collection Of Interconnected Networks Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pagessolutions to computer and communications security problems Classical Encryption Techniques Substitution Techniques †¢ Caesar Cipher †¢ Monoalphabetic Ciphers †¢ Playfair Cipher †¢ Hill Cipher †¢ Polyalphabetic Ciphers †¢ One-Time Pad †¢ Transposition (Permutation) Techniques †¢ Rail Fence Technique †¢ Block (Columnar) Transposition Technique Product Techniques Substitution and transposition ciphers are concatenated 2. Steganography The art of covered writing Security by obscurity Hide messages in other messagesRead More Safety of Online Shopping Through Mathematics Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesyears ago, Julius Caesar encrypted the alphabet, called the Caesar Cipher, to send messages. So that even if his enemies intercepted the messages, they wouldn’t be able to read them. However, his simple encryption wasn’t effective because it was easy to decipher; therefore mathematicians and other scholars work hard to find other complicated encryptions. Early methods of cryptography, the study of encryption, used symmetrical key cipher, a technique which two people who want to send messages to eachRead MoreZodiac Killer Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pagesshootings, but also a cipher letter which he demanded be printed by Friday, August 1, 1969, or he would cruse around looking to kill a dozen people over the weekend. He signed the bottom of the letter with cross-circle symbol. He followed up those letters with the most chilling letter yet, received on A ugust 7, 1969, that provided more unsettling details about the shootings, but also correcting factual issues that had been printed. By August 8, 1969 the 408-character cipher had been decoded, whichRead MoreCoco Chanel1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthere on top of my mothers dressing table stood a bottle of Chanel No. 5, beyond my reach but not out of sight, and I knew from the moment I began to discern its mysterious letters and number that there was something magical to the black-and-white cipher. Im not alone in that discovery -- Chanel has come to represent the essence of everywoman, whether in the scent of her perfume or her choice of bold red lipstick or the perfect little black dress -- but the story of Coco feels somehow entwined withRead MoreThe Security Of Database System1880 Words   |  8 Pagesto be more problematic than the passive ones. Spoofing is considered to be a major way to carry out this attack. This type of attack involves the replacement of a cipher value throu gh the formation of a dummy value (Chander, et al, 2010). In another method of splicing, the cipher text value is effectively out in place of another cipher value for the purpose of misleading. Popular Threats Affecting the Security of Database Some of the most popular threats affecting the overall performance of databasesRead MoreThe Philosophical and Sociological Developments for Bebop During the 1940s1518 Words   |  7 Pagesare racing, nervous phrases, which sometimes appear as melodic fragments. Every note not needed is left out. Everything is highly concentrated. As a bop musician once said: Everything that is self-explanatory is excluded. Many phrases became ciphers for extended musical runs. It is a kind of musical shorthand, and one must listen to a good deal of bop to make this facility, and due to this, bop had a good deal of not being able to understand, mostly in its early years. But this holds true forRead MoreCritically Evaluate the Importance of Information Security3488 Words   |  14 Pages Figure 2.5 †¢ Enciphering – converting plain text into cipher text †¢ Deciphering – converting cipher text back to plain text †¢ The aim of encryption is to make it as hard as is possible for an attacker to obtain the secure message †¢ Substitution cipher – an encryption mechanism in which the characters in the plain text message are substituted with alternative characters (e.g. alphabets with numbers) †¢ Transposition cipher – an encryption mechanism in which the characters in the plain

Should We Be A Prison Safer - 1184 Words

â€Å"Jails and prisons are designed to break human beings, to convert the population into specimens in a zoo - obedient to our keepers, but dangerous to each other.† -- Angela Davis. This quote is directly addressing the brutality of violence in prisons. When looking at violence, the first area of concern is how it became a problem in the first place. The second step would be to not only evaluate the situation, but propose an idea to minimally fix it at best, or try to reform it. This idea should entail a detailed and extensive overview of the proposal from both positive and negative aspects that a warden would have to encounter. Stating the positive and negatives help to ensure preventions and overall prepare a prison to make their environment safer for everyone. This is the precise goal of this proposal- to make a prison safer. When reviewing the causes of contributing factors to violence in prisons, there are three main areas of focus: the volume of prisoners, the management/protocol of the staff, and the relationships that inmates have. The volume of prisoners is arguably the biggest contribution to the violence that occurs in a prison. With overcrowding in a majority of prisons, it has put aside properly categorizing inmates to cells of best fit. Regardless of inmates associations with gangs, having an overflow of the cell to inmate ratios will create more of hostile environment due to the lack of self-security inmates have. These high volumes not only are creating tensionShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is Righteous Essay556 Words   |  3 PagesThe Death Penalty Is Righteous Do you believe that people should get the death penalty? People should get the death penalty because Americans are just wasting our money on criminals who arent learning their lesson. People should get the death penalty because they have far too many privileges in prison that people actually want to go there. People should get the death penalty because if there is a bigger consequence for their actions there wouldnt be as many people in jail. It would beRead MoreCapital Punishment and Life Without Parole Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesmedieval times the methods used to kill people were inhumane and often times cruel. In modern times the methods to kill people are much more humane. The death penalty has been used less and less often and even outlawed in some states. The death penalty should be used more often and for more crimes. If the death penalty was used more often there would be a deterrence for future crimes, it is more cost effective, and it would make our nation better. 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People have to become productive membersRead MoreEssay on Prison Inmates Should Be Allowed to Take College Courses837 Words   |  4 PagesPrison Inmates Should be Allowed to Take College Courses Tamitha Boltz Unit 6 Prison Inmates Should be Allowed to Take College Courses Prison inmates should be allowed to take college courses because an education offers a positive change for their release back into society. The education they receive will offer life skills and provide them with positive reinforcement to change their lives for the better; while restructuring the way some think and continue through life and society throughRead MoreRehabilitation Programs Should Be Abolished1669 Words   |  7 PagesAs Americans, we are very proud of our freedom. Ironically, the â€Å"land of the free† has more people imprisoned in proportion to its population than any other developed country in the world. 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Prisons are theRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Death Penalty is Good for the Economy1301 Words   |  6 Pagesmany are not. In the United States of America, when a person kills another person s/he is considered a murderer. The instant that murder takes place all rights should automatically be revoked. Murderers should not be allowed to walk the streets. Once a person has killed there is a good change that it could happen again. Convicted murderers should be given the death penalty and have it carried out at once. The death penalty is a controversial sentence. Not everyone feels the same way, but I believe thatRead MoreNathan Adrian. English 11-4. Argument Essay. 30 March 2017.889 Words   |  4 Pagesproperty crimes have gone up dramatically in the last few years. The U.S. should change the way they enforce laws after they are broken. Singapore has one of the lowest crime rates in the world because of the way they react after a crime has been committed. If the punishment of cri me is increased, crime rates will go down. The United States should increase the lawful punishment to lower crime rates and make the country a safer and healthier place. The crime in the United States reached its climaxRead MoreDo We Really Need Prisons1599 Words   |  7 PagesDO WE REALLY NEED PRISONS The simple meaning prison is a place for the confinement of persons in law detention, espicially people who are convicted of crimes according to The American Heritage of the English Language (2000). The history of prison almost as old as history itself. At first, prison were not used as a punishment but as a place where people who were sentenced to capital or corporal punishment were kept for a short period of time. But as the time passed, it turned into a legal punishmentRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana Essay907 Words   |  4 Pagestime, marijuana not only provides benefits in the medical field but it can also help our economy improve and save billions of tax dollars through legalization, and we as a state and country should follow the path paved by other states and legalize and regulate Marijuana. Despite claims from opponents Marijuana is as safe as tobacco or safer, and can provide health benefits. Recent research done by mark pletcher has found smoking marijuana on a casual level does not harm your lungs. In fact Marijuana

Computer Law Free Essays

string(129) " the value of the property for claim a person; in addition, the country court also deal with divorce cases and bankruptcy cases\." Introduction 1.Background Computer crimes are increasing day by day all over the world, internet is the prime medium for commit the crime both domestic and international activities. Criminals are targeted by using electronic tools like computer and other programmable devices. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Computer Crime could affect any electronic device vulnerable attacks through the network which may be personal computer or protected computers. Today’s nature of the computer and internet mean that the criminal activities easily can carry out across the nation border. These kinds of crimes create problem over the jurisdiction and investigating the crime, different countries using different low and enforcement for the relevant crimes took place over the country. Older computer crimes was conducted using computer as tool such as illegally store images in the hard disk using mobile phone for harassment, download music, videos illicitly, software piracy, forgery and fraud these kind of computer crimes prosecute other relevant laws rather than computer law. New type of cyber-crime is very different than older, now the attackers are using specific technologies or programmes which may be virus, malware, Trojan, worms and spyware; these programmes are very dangerous, effective and accurate to commit cyber-crimes. Attacks are now common against financial companies, banks and identity theft; some electronic attacks are using terrorist attack to the targeted computer and network through remotely. Unauthorised access, delete or modify the stored data in the computer system; these activities are prosecuted under computer crime legislation. According to the British Crime Survey showed that most of the computers are affected by virus in the house hold using internet in the U.K about 62 % in 2006 because of increase of the computers and broad band connection. Computer related activities are very complex to be prosecuted; law makers and the security consultants frustrated these kinds of activities are very difficult to legislate without affecting others. The legislation authority of UK recently clamping down on computer crime fell under some sort of trap; such kind of trap can avoid providing the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (RIPA) 2000 which provision provides massive surveillances in the computer networks and the users. The news of the world phone hacking has been investigating since 2005, this case is very popular and on-going case; and here some suspicious people include news of the world Chief editors, reports, investigator, celebrities and politician. According to some popular newspaper report; I would like to explain this case, who all are the suspicious and guilty person in this case and which laws they are broken. 2. Judicial Process in U.K European communities include England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, in this judiciary system has three courts of jurisdiction system arranged according to the cases which brought before the court.in U.K has two main type of judiciary system.[9] The European laws from the European Union, the legal system in the UK largely based on the judge here judge will made law and decide the cases and this cases brought before the judge this process is until 17th century this system is called common law or case law. But the Scotland totally dissimilar form this jurisdiction process at that time there has been a new law implemented the Act of Parliament that was policies of Government of the day. At that time a judge made law according to the case and the public need to follow this law this pronouncement technically known as precedent. The precedent plays very significant role in the common law this ensure logical progress, certainty, consistency and law development.[9] Legislation or statutory new law act in the parliament has become common, it reform in the 17th century; the modern time laws applied in the jurisdiction at any combination of jurisdiction in the U.K. but the common law has limited jurisdiction in the public general act. it may limited geographical location in the jurisdiction for a person and organisation. The most significant Act in the legislation in the parliament known as Primary legislation this primary legislation made by the parliament act 1911 -1949 in the House of Lords and then it accepted by the Royal assent from the Queen. This legislation is laid under Government Ministers and it come today’s greater volume.[9] The category of criminal law considers with Most of the criminal cases in the England and Wales called prosecutions. The Court prosecution on the basis of indictment document, here most of the case prosecution instituted by prosecutor on behalf of the Crown Prosecution Service, the case takes over form the police the specified crime accused with whom in the state. The first stage of the case answer is called prime face and this process is called committal. In this document magistrate disclose some papers which are based on the evidence submitted by the prosecutor, these cases have heard in the Crown court. Crown Court only one but there nearly 70 jurisdiction centres in this country. [9] The litigation process before the judge and the jury they preside over the whole trail prosecution the judge and the jury justify the fairness about the case at the same time the prosecutors need to submit all the evidences these evidences admissible by jury at this time the jury give the accurate view and relevant law to this case. Finally, the jury decide who will be the culprit and who will be the innocent. [9] Magistrates’ court deal with fewer amounts of criminal cases, there is no committal and jury for jurisdiction. Here trial bench has three magistrates deal with the cases are lay person. Magistrates court appeal to the Crown Court some criminal cases such most criminal cases taken to the divisional court in the High Court. Finally, these matters may be appeal to the House of Lords. [9] The civil cases trial is begun by a plaintiff, the plaintiff; it may be a company or a person or government. Most of the civil cases deal with the country court typically claim cases choice of the value of the property for claim a person; in addition, the country court also deal with divorce cases and bankruptcy cases. You read "Computer Law" in category "Essay examples" Moreover, the claim cases has limitation up to ?3000 could be handled by the country court. [9] The High Court has three sub division to deal cases, Family Division, Chancery Division and Queen’s Bench Division [9] Family Division usually considers family matters like divorce cases and child welfare cases, child protection is the aim of this court, and sometimes they brought child to some agencies for the protection of the child. The High court has some difficulty to do divorce cases so country court deal with these matters, the family division has deal with the overseas cases like administration of wills process known as probate. [9] The Chancery Division deal with difficult matters like bankruptcy, copyright and patent, settlement, land law, trust and corporate laws. Most of the cases consider in the subdivision of this court which division is highly skilled specialists deal with this cases. [9] The Queen’s Bench division consider business cases about land and contracts torts , in this division has some specialised sub division al so commercial court in this court consider most difficult cases in the part of the business torts. [9] The European community was developed under the Treaty of Rome in the year of 1957, the judges could be appointed by 15 member stated of the court called Luxembourg in this sits comprised one British Judge. English legal system made the Court in the European Community Act 1972 section three in this states. [9] The Interference could raise Treaty of Rome under article 177; firstly, the jurisdiction give introductory decision would be taken by the justice in this court for the interpretation from the Treaty of Rome. The tribunal may be questioned before the tribunal’s member of the state the court of justice ruling the any civil cases and criminal matters in the U.K courts can ask any judgment points about the dispute the court will give necessary decision as soon as possible, the court of justice is peak court in this nation. [9] The Scotland follows own legal system based on Edinburgh of the court the Act Union of England and Wales in 1707, Scotland holds so many law system form English. 1) Adversarial Adversarial judicial System, which legal system the two advocates would be represent for the suspected and petitioned parties, in this system there usually have a jury or judge for decide whether the accused person is guilty or not. 2) Inquisitorial Inquisitorial legal system totally opposite to the adversarial legal system, here the court would investigate the case, this legal system some countries use only for civil cases and they use common laws. 3. European Law English law falls in to Criminal Law and Civil Law, offence related to person and the property and affecting the whole community is under the criminal law and it is called prosecution this law is applicable for computer related crimes. The wrong relating confliction between individuals with in the community which action for claim the case is under the civil case. Most Effective Computer Laws in U.K/European Union [10] Computer Misuse Act 1990 Police and Justice Act 2006 Telecommunication regulations 2000 Communications Act 2003 Human rights Act 1998 Privacy and electronic communication regulations 2003 European Laws Data Protection Act 1998 Anti-Terrorism, crime and security Act 2001 Regulation of investigatory powers Act 2000 Wiretap Act Pen / Trap Act Electronic Communication Privacy Act 4. Presenting Digital Evidence in the Court The Digital Evidences such as floppy disk, USB, CD, an Image, log files, MAC time, which evidences supports the claim or that rejects the claim. The evidences are significant and need to maintain integrity and confidentiality is very important. The integrity means that the digital evidence has been not tampered and the confidentiality means that make sure the process or the content of the evidence must not view unauthorised person but only the authorised person. For integrity maintaining need to create MD5 or SHA-1 check sum value using lawful authority approved tools. The collecting evidence and making report is very important this process is called Chain of Custody, to prove the case need to prepare detailed report and to make sure that the evidence handled step should be follow. What is the evidence How did you get it When was it collected Who has handled it Why did that person handle it Where has it travelled, and where was it ultimately stored When the evidence is electronic form it becomes two dimensional types of objects tangible and intangible this need to be preserved and tracked in the chain of custody. The physical evidence is called tangible objects such as laptop, hard drives, CD’s, backup tapes, digital cameras. Intangible data like documents, email and metadata. Authentication of the digital evidence is significant and the evidence is multi faced and it must be verified the digital authenticity of the digital evidence. For the integrity need to use digital signature technology which can maintain the evidence integrity. 5. Case Scenario The News of the World (NoW) phone voice message hacking case is on-going case in the UK, the News of the World case was complained on November 2005 against the three royal staffs’ members, after reporting the story about Price William’s phone voicemail interception, and this case was registered at the Metropolitan Police on November 2005. The accused Clive Goodman was the royal editor Edmondson was the assistant editor of the NoW and Glenn Mulcaire is a private investigator. Goodman was jailed four months and Glen Mulcaire was jailed six months in January 2007. The NoW current executives and the current chief reporter Neville Thurlbeck 50 and former new editor Lan Edmonson 42 ware arrested suspiciously by the Metropolitan Police in April for illegally intercepted private telephone conversation, this unlawful offence under section 1 of the RIPA 2000(Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000) and Criminal law Act 1977 Section 1 (1) has been charged the police. They were released on bail in September. After two and half years latter one of the famous newspapers in the UK claimed that the world-famous phone mailbox hacking case has involved NoW journalists and politician, sports stars, celebrities.[2,4,11] In July 2009, some newspapers reported that Deputy Prime Minister Lord Prescott,singer George Michael, celebrity cook Celebrity Nigella Lawson, London Mayor Boris John, actress Gwyneth Paltrow, Comedian Lennny Henry, Late reality TV start Jade Goody and Coulson also includes in the phone hacking list; a chief executive of professional football’s association Gordon Taylor, Lib Dem MP Simon Hughes, sports agent Sky Andrew and Model Elle Macpherson had been victims.[3] In July 9th 2009 The News of the World apologised in the court actress sienna Miller was not committed this crime and the NoW she was not attend the prosecution and high court settled for this case ?100,000 legal cost ant damages.[13] September 2009, the owner of the News Group Newspaper paid ?1 million for settle the case three subjected people in this phone hacking case such as professional footballers Association Chairman Gordon Taylor, who had been settled this case out of the court said the Guardian newspaper report and they had this evidence, which evidence exposed that of illegal activities and they published that the NoW staffs were used around 1000 of mobile phone. This year the Scotland Yard claimed that they identified the suspected victims they are royal, military, police and government bodies. After a few days the PCC (Press Complaints Commission) said that about the phone hacking allegation they have not get any Evidence so this case is going on.[3] In February 2010, there was a report in the newspaper The Guardian; the 3 mobile phone company revealed that nearly 100 of customers have had hacked answer phone messages. And Police had found that around 91 PIN codes in their investigation, these PIN Codes they had been used for accessing voice mail to some others these information collected form the Clive Goodman and Glen Mulcaire.by the March 2010, Max Clifford intercepting the voice mail case was found the settlement details about ?1 million payment was done by News of the World, this case found that Clive Goodman had had involved another phone hacking case. After that the New York Times published in September 2010 the NoW journalist attempted to hack one of the television personality’s voice message. Then in December 2010, Crown Prosecution Service judged according to the Scotland Yard Police Inquiry report, they have not found any admissible new evidence whether they hacked the phone or not.[2] In January 2011, Lan Edmonson was suspended form the NoW after claiming phone hacking, one of the 91 victims, the Actress Sienna Miller have had relationship with Mr Jude Law from 2003 – 2005.Mr Justice Vos notice that Sianna Miller was appeared in some article in News of the Word from 2003 -05 year this may be consider she might have involved in this phone hacking case.[4] In 10th April 2011, the News of the world apologised the phone hacking case they are ready to pay compensation to those individual has been accused in this phone hacking case, this news was published in News of the World newspaper.[7] 6. Laws Broken by Accused According to the BBC news these accused persons were committed unlawful interception of public communication under the UK law RIPA 2000(Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000) of Section and the unauthorised access computer and gaining any stored data from the hard disk / voice messages from the computer against the UK law Computer Misuse Act 1990 section 1 (1) have been violated these proposed guilty people in the News of the World Phone Hacking case 2005 -2011. 7. The phone hacking case happened in the UK â€Å" Morgans v Director case This case was in December 1998 to 2000; Morgan was hacked British Telephone computer Monolog telephone call logger for making some international calls. This case the prosecutor charged CMA 1990 section 1 (1) and Section 11 (2), But this case was quashed.† [6] â€Å"R v Moody case In this case ex-employee of the IT specialist he accessed remote maintenance port in the local authorities computerised telephone, he could not made any outgoing calls but he routed incoming calls to single extension. The police sized his pc and hard disk which has been corrupted by previous police investigation, so the court had stayed indictment. He was violated CMA 1990 section 3 and Admissibility Pace section 69s† [6] â€Å"R v Malcolm Farquharson case In this case was happened in 1993, the accused person was committed mobile phone cloning, the accused person convicted unauthorised access he had been sentences nearly six month imprisonment.† [6] â€Å"R v Emma Pearce case This case was registerd 1993, this case also phone cloning he accessed telephone records so the court sentenced ?300 fine only.† [6] â€Å"Gold and Schifreen In 1985, two journalists were hacked British Telecom computer and they were accessed prince Philip’s voice mail box at that time for the investigation proved that these two people were committed activity but there was no computer misuse act to punish them. At that time they created a new law computer misuse act in 1990.† [6] 8. Conclusion According to the BBC news and other popular Newspaper report claimed that, the News of the World chief editor, reporter and private investigator was committed this phone hacking case the police has some evidence against them according to this evidence the Court had imprisoned these three people in 2006 around 6 months, after one year this case was reopened by Met police UK; but the police investigation is going on and they yet to be find any solid evidence against them and rest of the 3000 suspicious person, during this investigation 10th April 2011 the news of the world apologised to all accused suspected people and they are willing to give compensation to all this people. Even though they withdraw the case it is crystal clear that some of the NoW staffs were involved and committed this case. In my point of view these suspicious persons violated UK laws above mentioned, but this case was withdrawn why because of the pressure from the political leader, they need to hide some professi onal or celebrities, Politicians involvement in this case; most of the suspicious people were settled this case out of the court with billions of money this deal are very secret. This is clear that most of the computer related cases fail because of investigation problem or computer evidences are very easy to be damage and sometimes there would not be proper evidences to prove. I believe References http://www.adviceguide.org.uk/index/your_rights/legal_system/courts_of_law.htm [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11195407 [Accessed: 9th June 2011]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11930168 [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-12253968 [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.charlesrussell.co.uk/UserFiles/file/pdf/Reputation%20Management/phone_hacking.pdf [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.computerevidence.co.uk/Cases/CMA.htm [Accessed: 9th June 2011]. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1374946/Rupert-Murdochs-News-World-apologizes-sets-victims-compensation-fund.html [Accessed: 9th June 2011]. http://www.internetrights.org.uk/briefings/irtb08-rev1-draft.pdf [Accessed: 20th May 2011]. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/law/hamlyn/courtsys.htm[Accessed: 4th June 2011]. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/23/contents [Accessed: 8th June 2011] http://www.mediaspy.org/report/2011/04/06/uk-police-arrest-news-of-the-world-phone-hacking-suspects/ [Accessed: 9th June 2011]. http://www.mishcon.com/news/articles/phone_hacking_the_news_of_the_world_04_2011/ [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.newsoftheworld.co.uk/notw/public/nol_public_news/1266448/News-International-statement-News-of-the-World-says-sorry.html [Accessed: 8th June 2011]. http://www.parliament.uk/documents/post/postpn271.pdf How to cite Computer Law, Essay examples

Assassination At Sarajevo Essay Research Paper Assassination free essay sample

Character assassination At Sarajevo Essay, Research Paper Character assassination at Sarajevo Important Places/Dates of event: April,1914- Narodna Obrandna recieves paper that says that Francis Ferdinand will be coming to Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 Sarajevo-June28, 1914- Francis Ferdinand and Sofia Chotek are assassinated July 23- Austria sends ultimatum to Serbian leaders July 28-Austria declares war on Serbia August 1, 1914- Germany declares war on Soviet union August 2, 1914- Germany asks for free theodolite in Belgium ; Belgium refuses, but German? s enter anyhow August 3, 1914- Germany declares war on France August 4, 1914- Germany admits to misdemeanor of Belgian rights, promises to reconstruct order after war October 12, 1914- Gavrilo Princip? s test Cardinal Idnividuals/Roles: Francis Joseph- emperor of Austria-Hungary Francis Ferdinand? Archduke, inheritor to the thone ; assassinated Sofia Chotek- Francis Ferdinand? s married woman ; assassinated Gavrilo Princip-assassin and radical terrorist Description/Summary of Event: Of all the European swayers at the clip, none was likely more luckless or unhappy as Francis Joseph, emperor of Austria-Hungary. We will write a custom essay sample on Assassination At Sarajevo Essay Research Paper Assassination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Francis Joseph? s brother Maximillian was killed by a Mexican fire squad, his sister-in-law went insane, his married woman was killed by an nihilist, and his boy had either committed self-destruction or was murdered along with his kept woman. As if this wasn? t plenty on Sunday June 28,1914 Francis Joseph? s nephew and inheritor was assassinated along with his married woman in Sarajevo. The bravo at Sarajevo was a 19-year-old adult male named Gavrilo Princip, a member of Narodna Obrandna, which was a secret Serbian patriotic-terrorist group. This groups end was to reconstruct Serbia back to the manner it used to be and going free O degree Fahrenheit Austrian regulation. In April of 1914 Narodna Obrandna received a piece of paper stating that Francis Ferdinand will be coming to Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. The Serbs saw this event as an abuse and an chance. June 28 is twenty-four hours in the Black Marias of all Serbs called Vidovnan. On this twenty-four hours the Turks conquered the old Serb land at the conflict of Amsefelde in 1389. It besides was the twenty-four hours during the 2nd Balkan war when Serbian ground forcess took retaliation on the Turks. Francis Ferdinand? s visit on this twenty-four hours made Serbian? s mad but it meant something wholly different for the Narodna Obrandna. They saw this as an chance to kill Francis Ferdinand and get down the radical motion against Austria-Hungary. From the day of the month Narodna Obrandna received the paper relation of the event, to a few yearss before they prepared the blackwash. The guns and manus grenades were bought from Major Tankosic, a leader of a Serbian extremist group. The guns were kept in a instructor? s place until the dark before the event, and were distributed the following forenoon. On June 28, 1914 as Francis Ferdinand drove through the metropolis of Sarajevo a manus grenade was thrown at his auto but it missed him and his auto drove to the Town Hall rapidly. From there Francis Ferdinand was given advice to laeve every bit shortly as possible, and that was what he was traveling to make. On his thrust out of Sarajevo he met Gavril Princip. Princip fired two shooting one into the venters of Sofia Chotek? s bosom and one near the bosom of Francis Ferdinand. Both the Archduke and his married woman died that twenty-four hours. Was this a important event in World History? Yes, the blackwash at Sarajevo was a important event in World History. The shootings fired by Princip on that Sunday triggered was across Europe and started the fire that was World War I. Had this blackwash non happened possibly the universe would hold come to peace Oklahoman and began work on bigger economic, scientific, and political issues in the universe.

Mass Extinctions On The Earth Essays - Climate History,

Mass Extinctions On The Earth Mass Extinctions on the Earth Intro: Sixty-five million years ago, some phenomenon triggered mass extinctions on the lands and in the oceans so profound that they define the geological boundary between the older Mesozoic Era, often called the Age of Reptiles, and the modern Cenozoic Era, the Age of Mammals. On a finer scale, the extinctions define the boundary between the Cretaceous (geological symbol, K), and Tertiary (T) periods. This mass extinction is usually referred to as the K-T extinctions. The dinosaurs became extinct during the K-T mass extinction. To examine how the K-T extinctions fit into a broader perspective, please see the The cause of the K-T extinctions is one of the great mysteries in science, and many scientists have proposed theories to account for it. Theories span a vast spectrum of causes including: sea level change, supernova explosions, climate change, and on and on. Beginning in the 1980s, two new theories became the topic of an intense scientific debate. They are the K-T impact extinction theory originated by the Nobelist physicist, Luis Alvarez, and his team, and the K-T Deccan Traps extinction theory, which, for short, is called volcano-greenhouse theory. Details of the Impact Theory In the mid-late 1970s, Luis Alvarez and his impact team began searching for the cause of the K-T extinctions. His evidence of impact was enrichment of the chemical, iridium, in a thin layer of clay a few centimenters thick at the K-T boundary. His original theory held that a giant asteroid struck earth 65 million years ago, blasting so much dust into the atmosphere that it blocked out sunlight, and plunged earth into the blackness and cold of a sudden, short-duration, impact winter. According to Alvarez theory, the global blackout triggered extinctions among the plant kingdom, and then among herbivores that depended upon plants for food, and then among the carnivores that ate the herbivores. Those smaller animals that could hide and hibernate until the sun came out again must have sruvived and formed the animals that there are today. There is other evidence for this theory : there is a layer of iridium found on top of the fossils which can be found all over the world. this is important becouse there is a lot of iridium on asteroids while on earth it is only deep down inside the crater. Details of the Volcano Theory: Another less popular theory to explain the disappearance of the dinosaurs suggests that a drop in the oxygen levels in the lower atmosphere led to the gradual death of all kinds of species. Robert Barner and Gary Landis of the U.S. Geological survey determined that the air that the dinosaurs consumed contained 50% more oxygen than the air today. This can be the same for us as trying to breathe to the same air found at the sea level as compared to air at 3500 m. There was a lot of volcanoe eruptions at the same time (and since they took up soo much air it was hard for the dinosaurs to breathe , so they fianlly died. The evidence is that the fossils found in the ground contain traces of lager traces of Oxygen. How can humans stop this? Since mankind is much smarter than the reptiles it is obvious that we can stop these asteroids from colliding with the earth. The only question is how. Now we have nuclear devices which can be put on these asteroids so that they can explode just in time before it's course is doomed towards earth. Science

Example of Molar Mass Calculation

Example of Molar Mass Calculation You can calculate the molar mass or the mass of one mole of an element or molecule if you know the formula for the substance and have a periodic table or table of atomic masses. Here are some worked examples of the molar mass calculation. How to Calculate Molar Mass The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a sample. To find the molar mass, add the atomic masses (atomic weights) of all of the atoms in the molecule. Find the atomic mass for each element by using the mass given in the Periodic Table or table of atomic weights. Multiply the subscript (number of atoms) times the atomic mass of that element and add the masses of all of the elements in the molecule to get the molecular mass. Molar mass usually is expressed in grams (g) or kilograms (kg). Molar Mass of an Element The molar mass of sodium metal is the mass of one mole of Na. You can look up that answer from the table: 22.99 g. You may be wondering why the molar mass of sodium isnt just twice its atomic number, the sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom, which would be 22. This is because the atomic weights given in the periodic table are an average of the weights of the isotopes of an element. Basically, the number of protons and neutrons in an element may not be the same. The molar mass of oxygen is the mass of one mole of oxygen. Oxygen forms a divalent molecule, so this is the mass of one mole of O2. When you look up the atomic weight of oxygen, you find it is 16.00 g. Therefore, the molar mass of oxygen is: 2 x 16.00 g 32.00 g Molar Mass of a Molecule Apply the same principles to calculate the molar mass of a molecule. The molar mass of water is the mass of one mole of H2O. Add together the atomic masses of all of the atoms of hydrogen and water in a molecule of water: 2 x 1.008 g (hydrogen) 1 x 16.00 g (oxygen) 18.02 g For more practice, download or print these molar mass worksheets: Formula or Molar Mass Worksheet (pdf)Formula or Molas Mass Worksheet Answers (pdf)

Cell Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cell Culture - Essay Example The number of giant cells should be low and fixed (MSUM, n.d.). The cell line selected for the study is rat coronary artery adventitial fibroblasts (Jenkins et al., 2007). The advantage of this selection is the fact that these cells have an important role in developing arteriosclerosis and plaque development (Jenkins et al., 2007), they divide rapidly and can differentiate into myofibroblasts (Jenkins et al., 2007) so those cells and their role in cardiovascular diseases can also be studied by the same culture instead of culturing the cells separately. Also, the culture permits the sole role of fibroblasts to be studied without the influence of other cells on them (Jenkins et al., 2007). The limitation of this cell line is that they have not been studied much before (Jenkins et al., 2007), so their response to different stimuli has not yet been fully determined (Jenkins et al., 2007); therefore, they might show unexpected behavior during

Building a Coalition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 56

Building a Coalition - Essay Example With regards to team formation, the HR representatives of Woodson Foundation together with the members of NCPIE and school should be able to closely examine the skills and abilities of each member before they allocate a specific role to them (Robbins and Judge 280). Basically, empowering the team members through proper delegation of role and responsibility will increase the chances wherein the team members would become motivated in working together (281). Because of cultural differences, the leaders should win the trust of each member using necessary resources and effective leadership skills (280-281). Doing so will increase the chance wherein each member would become dedicated to supporting the success of the project. With regards to team performance, leaders should make use of necessary performance evaluation tools and effective reward system (Robbins and Judge 282). In the process of recognizing or rewarding the contribution of each member, they would become highly motivated in improving their future individual work performance. Likewise, it will also help them gain Agree that schools are less focused on families. She believes that parents want to be involved in improving students’ learning. Her positive perception of the role of parents/communities can be used in encouraging parents to become active in this project. She believes that schools and the foundation have larger roles than parents and the communities. Therefore, can lead to bias judgment when designating roles and responsibilities in improving students’ outcome. Team empowerment is important in team efficacy (Robbins and Judge 292). Therefore, Dupree can work together with Hardy, Watson, and Sharpe because these people acknowledge the important role that parents should play when it comes to improving the students’ learning outcomes. Using strong communication skills, Dupree’s team can easily convince and work well with Martinez. Conflict is possible because Adams has a different opinion when it comes to the role of the school. On the other hand, Kaufman cannot get along well with the faculty members.

Legal Research Pathfinder Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Pathfinder - Research Paper Example C. 2008). That is child sexual harassment. As per Dziech, sexual harassment in education remains an overlooked problem in the society, with the senior management of these educational institutions refusing its existence and refraining from taking any strict, efficacious action against it (Lewis, J. F., & Hastings, S. C. 1994; Layman, N. S. 1994; Machay, J.). Needless to say, this problem exists even outside educational institutions and does warrant some immediate action against it. This is my personal opinion that when we adults are more or less aware of what is going on, when someone whistles in the street or leers at us in the elevator, a child does not have the necessary level of social understanding and power to know what is going on and how to stand up against it, not to mention of the subsequent mental trauma and depression (W. L. Felstiner, R. L. Abel & A. Sarat, 1980-1981). Being responsible citizens of the country, it is our duty to take care of the future of our country, and these children are the future of our country. Needless to say, every state has its own set of child sexual abuse laws and a person who has been impeached with child sexual abuse at the federal level, may still face serious consequences at the state level. Statutory rape, in the simplest of definitions, is basically sexual exploitation of the minor (USC Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure). As noted in the IPT Journal - "Child Sexual Abuse: Is the Routine Provision of Psychotherapy Warranted?† The notion that child sexual abuse is a "destroyer" of mental health  has been based largely on studies involving clinical samples (Berliner & Elliott, 1996). And this is proved by a numerous real-life examples as well. For example, the study done by the social working group ‘Mkombozi’ on the Tanzanian schools showed a shocking incident of a young boy being sexually abused by the members of the neighborhood school (CRIN - Violence Study -

Samsung Organisational Structure

Samsung Organisational Structure Samsung was named by Lee Byung-chul, founder of Samsung Electronics when he established the Samsung Trading Company on March, 1938. Sam in Samsung is defined as strong, abundant and big; while Sung means high and bright. (Chnag, J. H., 2010) Interestingly, Samsungs origin was not involving electronics. Initially, Chairman Lee set up a trade export company in Korea that sold fish, vegetables, and fruit to China. Start from 1958, Samsung began to expand into other industries such as media, financial, ship building and chemicals and Samsung Electronics was established under subsidiary of Samsung Group in 1969. (Samsung History) The company then expanded to semiconductor business and became the first chip-making facilities in the country during that time. Samsung Electronics focused on four areas which are digital media, semiconductor, telecommunication network and LCD digital appliances. (Wikipedia, 2012) In 1993, the lightest mobile phone of its era was developed. (Samsung History) Fin ally, it surpassed Sony to become worlds twentieth-largest and most popular brand. Samsung was the worlds largest manufacturer of OLEDs with 40% market share worlds wide and 90% share of global AMOLED market. More than 600 American patents and 2800 international patent are owned by Samsung Electronics in 2006 that makes it as the largest owner of AMOLED technology patents. The company also became the second-largest mobile-phone maker beating Motorola in 2007 for the first time. In 2009, it became worlds largest technology company overtaking Hewlett-Packard measure by sales. In 2010, it produces 30 nm-class DRAMs and 20 nm-class NAND flashes which were the first time in the world. At 2011, it is the worlds largest mobile phone maker and second-largest semiconductor chip maker. Samsung Electronics became the largest smartphone vendor due to sales of Galaxy SII and Galaxy Note devices. (Wikipedia, 2012) Contents: Mechanistic organization is a bureaucratic organization which adheres to the chain-of-command principle, with each person controlled and supervised by one superior. The structure of this organization is taller than organic organization. Also, many rules are developed and the decision making process is centralized. Each employee has fixed duties and the communication channels are formalized in such rigid hierarchical relationship. Samsung Electronics is a type of mechanistic organizational structure because it has rigid hierarchical relationships. Figure 1 and figure 2 show the chain of command in the company, which extending from upper organizational levels to lower level that clarifies who reports to whom. Figure 2 shows that there are lots of departments under the control of Chief Executive Office. Employees have their fixed duties in respective department. For instance, employees who are specialized in producing chips are working under chips manufacturer whereas employees who are highly skilled in producing mobile phones are working under mobile phone manufacturer. (Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 2012) These two figures also clearly show that Samsung Electronics is composed of tall organizational structure. All of the powerful authorities are held by the top management of the company which is Lee Kun Hee , the chairman of the Samsung Electronics with the help of the Office of Secretaries and sometimes referred to as emperor management or dictatorship. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Office of Secretaries helped chairman to control an d direct the individual affiliates. Their main function are finance and accounting, auditing, planning, public relations, and human resource management, including the hiring and firing of all executives within the organization. Even the important strategic decision and sizable investment decision have to be examined by the office first. The percentage of decision made by the chairman is 20%; by Office of Secretaries is 40%; by affiliate presidents is 40%.(Chang, S. J., 2008)In other word, all of the important decisions are decided by the chairman, Office of Secretaries and affiliate presidents. As such, Samsung Electronics implement centralized decision authority. The communication channel of Samsung Electronics is formalized. Formalization describes how an organizations jobs are standardized and the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures. This element makes the process of succession routine and regular. Thus, there will be minimal disturbance to an organization function if there are people being replaced. In Samsung, the personnel function is under CFO while CFO reports to and receives orders from CEO. (Chang, S. J., 2008) For instance, when the company needs to make an investment, the proposal is written by the related business unit. Then, the proposal is reviewed by the finance department, which is then passed to finance team of Office of Secretaries after CFO reports the proposal to CEO. Finally, the proposal is approved by Office of Secretaries and Chairman. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Many rules could be found in Samsung Electronics and this match with the characteristic of mechanistic organization. According to Samsung Electronics Global Code of Conduct, all the employees should follow the codes and the business principles to comply with laws and ethical practices as well as to express their commitment to social responsibility. (Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. [SECL], 2006) The global code of conduct is served as behavioral guidelines and judgmental standards for the employees, which encompass the elimination of nationality or gender discrimination, transparent disclosure of business information, customer information protection and partner collaboration. For example, according to principle 2-2-2 from the Global Code of Conduct, the company will ensure that any proprietary information acquired through its business activities shall be recorded and safely kept and managed as intellectual property. In 2011, zero-tolerance principle was declared in all cases of miscondu ct and unethical business on Law Day. All employees and executives have to sign a pledge of compliance to agree of taking responsibility for any violation or misconduct. (Soung, S. S., Eui, H. J., Dae, S. P., Jin, Y. L. Yun, J. S., 2012) Planning: Planning includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities. In Samsung, their vision is set by the top management that is Inspire the world, create the future. This vision 2020 shows that their commitment in inspiring the world by improving their three key strengths which are New Technology, Innovative Products, Creative Solutions and also promotes Samsung Electronics core network which are industry, partners and employees with the effort to contribute a better world and with lot of experiences for all. Besides, Samsung also aims to achieve one of the top five brands in the world by 2020 and established three strategic approaches in management which are creativity, partnership and talent. (Vision, 1995-2012) Leading: Leading includes motivating employees, directing the activities of others, selecting the most effective communication channel, and resolving conflicts. Office of Secretaries takes the leading role in Samsung as they carry out coordination whenever there are conflicts happen. (Chnag, J. H., 2010) However, the synergies may be created via involuntary cooperation or fiat as the business units have to accept its resolution. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Also, the Secretarial Offices spread company philosophy and improve business coordination and information, which are shared among affiliates. (Chnag, J. H., 2010) The employees of this company are motivated by the philosophy of living by strong values is the key to good business. Those values encompass people, excellence, change, integrity and co-prosperity, together with the Samsung code of conduct are the radical for them to make every decision. (About Samsung, 1995-2012) Organizing: Organizing includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and who will make the decisions. Samsung Electronics has a strong business division structure that is managed independently by business unit managers. The company is divided into five sectors, which are Digital Media, Semiconductors, Telecommunications, Digital Appliances and LCDs. Within these sectors, there are 13 Global Business Managers (GBM) who responsible to organize the firm along major product divisions in terms of personnel, sales, and production within their respective divisions. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Employees are divided according to their specialize and skills into different tasks to increase work output. (Robbins et al., 2012) Any proposal of investment that is written by GBM should be reviewed by the finance department, followed by CFO. Then, CFO reports to CEO. Finally, the proposal is approved by Office of Secretaries and Chairman. (Chan g, S. J., 2008) Controlling: Controlling includes monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and correcting any significant deviations. In Samsung, the overall performances of BOD, CEO and employees are controlled by Audit Committee, which has a broad range of audit right from top to bottom. (Ethics Management, 1995-2008) For example, they have the right to inquire about financial reports from the BOD and employees at any time, the right to claim to suspend illegal activity of the company BOD member, the right to call a general shareholders meeting and so on. There are also separate audit teams that under the direct control of CEO with the responsible of encouraging employees to adhere to the practice of management by ethics. (Ethics Management, 1995-2008) A) What seem to be the most important things leading to the success of the Samsung Electronics? To be successful, Samsung Electronics is going global. Samsung Electronics is pushing the Galaxy S smartphone to challenge Apple Inc.s iPhone and narrow the gap with leader Nokia Oyj. It helped Samsung Electronics quadruple annual revenue to139 trillion won ($ 116 million) in the 10 years that ended in 2009. Samsung Electronics shares rose 10-fold during that time. (Lee, Y., 2010) Also, Samsung Electronics has the good planning skills as they able to see the business opportunity in the industry and set the particular goals to pursue. They able to spot the areas, which are small but growing fast. (Samsung, 2011) Such areas that spotted by Samsung are capital-intensive. Thus, it is difficult for their rivals to keep up. First, Samsung will tiptoe into the technology in the industry to get familiar with it. Then, they will wait for the suitable moment that the window of opportunity opens. For example, in 2001, Samsung catch the opportunity of rapid growth of the liquid-crystal displays that cause the dive of the price. They turned the liquid-crystal displays into televisions. (Samsung, 2011) Samsung Electronics is innovative in software and David Yoffie, a professor at Havard Business School in Boston said Leading radical innovation in the technology world today requires strength in software, not just hardware. (Lee, Y., 2010). Samsung Electronics has grown by studying their rivals to improve manufacturing and design. Samsung electronics also hired a group of Japanese Design Consultant to evaluate Samsung designers. Besides, their experienced designers are sent to work abroad in diverse industries. By doing this, Samsung design strategy could involve several initiatives and they began to implement a global brand communication strategy. As new technologies are being constantly introduced to the market, Samsung engineers strive to understand what customers need ahead of competitors and adjust their thinking to develop original and innovative products that will meet those needs as well as new technologies to lead the future market. Thus, the new markets had pioneered contin uously by them. (Samsung Electronics: Success By Design, 2008) B) What do you see as the major challenges facing by Samsung Electronics over the next five years? The major challenge that will be faced by Samsung Electronics over the next five years is how to build a stronger and better global brand. This is why the Samsungs global marketing director need to assess in how to build the global brand reputation of the company further and upgrade the companys worldwide brand image to compete with Apple brand which has dominated the market share especially in Western Europe. The challenge of Samsungs marketing director is the branding strategies in global markets and the marketing team has to examine the organizational dynamics to develop a stronger global brand that recognized by worldwide. Another challenge that will be faced by Samsung Electronics is the competition over the market share especially in smart phone. In this fast paced economic conditions, Samsung need to continue produce more and more of the smart phone with improved version and attractive design to meet with the rapid economic growth. The company needs to invest and introduce more of the new technology and incorporate the software and application into the new gadgets so that it will not lose out to another competitor. Innovation and creativity are important in this to attract the gadget lover and if the company fails to come out with a new and appealing product, they will be overcome by another competitor such as Apple, HTC or Nokia. Findings: Samsung electronics have a centralized structure making the top management own the authorities and powers over all the important decisions. This make the decision making process fast and swift and can carry out quickly. In this way, organization is more efficient as implementation of any plans, ideas or policies can be carried out quickly without any delay and this is very important especially to deal with the fast paced economic and competition in market. This is supported by a study in journal by Choong Y.Lee. (Choong, Y. L., 2012) However, overly centralization in organization is also not good for the company. All of the important decisions are made by the top management while the middle and first line management cannot voice out their opinions but to follow the order of the top. If the decision made by the top management is incorrect, it can affect the company business and thus lowering the company profits. Therefore, a good leadership is important to lead the company. This is su pported by the professor Chang Sea-Jin which stated there is no guarantee that good leader will sustain and even they can make mistake as well in his book review. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Samsung Electronics are having hierarchical management structure which reflects the importance of seniority in the Korean culture. The hierarchical structure brings synergy when things are going well but could potentially be disastrous if one part of the process goes away from planned. (Kim, J.C., 2012) This is supported by Professor John Kotter in his article Havard Business Review that hierarchical organizational are often inflexible. Hierarchical organization work in standardized processes but does not useful in dynamic environments. They are slow to react to new opportunities, which often require transformative change. (Basu, C., 2012) Also, according to researchers G.M. Stalker and T. Burns, mechanistic organizations use hierarchical top-down structures while organic organizations use more flexible structures and work best in fluid and unpredictable business climates.ÂÂ  Organic structures depend on personal interactions rather than a formal chain of command that allow the organization to respond quickly and effectively to changing circumstances in ways that the hierarchical structure cannot. Samsung Electronics should make it business to understand such structure so that it can have the benefits of both. (Thompson, S., 2012) Samsung Electronics has many rules and regulations that are governed by the top managers of the organization. When the top managers are unable to control the lower-level activities, they themselves will substitute the rules and regulations. Since they have the authority to hire and fire the executives and employees in the organization anytime, the employees have to accept the tasks given by the managers and follow whatever they said. Employees are constantly observed and monitored by top managers during their working period to ensure that they are not making any mistakes or violating the rules. Consequently, fatigue are accumulated when employees are working under such great pressures that known as organizational fatigue. Moreover, employees of Samsung Electronics have to comply the Global Code of Conduct, which consists of a number of principles. (SECL, 2006) For instance, under principle 1-4-1, it stated that employees shall not attribute their personal political opinions and conduct to the company, or cause such opinions or conduct to be attributed to the company. Besides, principle 2-4-3 showed that the company will not allow its officers and employees, while in office, to act as number of boards of company with conflicts of interest or participate in competitive business activities. (SECL, 2006) There are still a large amount of rules and principles that the employees should comply with and that can be referred from the Global Code of Conduct, 2006. The management of Samsung Electronics is known as fear-based management. The employees have to be loyal to their company in order to stay in the company. However, organizational fatigue will bring negative effects to the company. If the employees or executives are dismissed against their wills for any reasons by the top managers such as the chairman or the Office of Secretaries, their anger will lead to their betrayal and loss their loyalty. (Chang, S. J., 2008) There were several cases on which the employees of Samsung Electronics tried to sell the proprietary technologies to Samsungs competitors and to other companies. (Chang, S. J., 2008) Conclusion: In a nutshell, Samsung Electronics has a mechanistic organizational structure as it has rigid hierarchical relationships and tall organizational structure. In the company, each employee has fixed duties and they have to follow lots of rules. Also, the decision making process is centralized and the communication channel is formalized. In Samsung, the goals or visions are planned by the top management. Office of Secretaries takes the leading role as they responsible to solve the conflicts as well as help the chairman to control and direct the individual affiliates. Besides, they also spread the company philosophy to motivate the employees. Samsung Electronics is divided into Digital Media, Semiconductors, Telecommunications, Digital Appliances and LCDs, which are managed by business unit managers. The overall performances of Samsung Electronics organization are controlled by Audit Committee. In this assignment, we have learned the characteristics of the two types of organizational structures, which are mechanistic organization and organic organization that concern the work specialization, departmentalization, authority and responsible, centralization and decentralization, span of control and formalization. After analyzing these factors and searching all the related information of Samsung Electronics, we could conclude that this company is a mechanistic organization. Thus, our analyzing ability could be strengthen when carry out this assignment. Besides, we have a better understanding to recognize and differentiate these two organization models. Furthermore, more knowledge about this company could be gained during the research.

Memoirs Of An Invisible Man :: essays research papers

Memoirs of an Invisible Man   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After being caught in a freak industrial accident in New Jersey, Nicholas Haloway decides to try to survive after the accident rendered him absolutely invisible. Soon he learns that no one must know of his invisibilty. Soon afterwards, the army starts searching for him because they feel that his invisibility would be extremely useful in Intillegence missions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Headed by David Jenkens, the project soon invades his apartment, forcing him to leave and find a new place in the city to stay. When he decides to stay at his club, he establishes a daily routine where he accomplishes the task of finding food and sustaining himself in the club. Every day that passes, Nick begins to feel that the government is closer, a few weeks later, David Jenkins shows up at his club and starts to install special doors that would prevent his escape. Nick is now faced with a difficult situation, he has to leave the club, but he also has to leave what has become almost like a home for him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As he finds another club to settle in, Jenkens shows up and begins to raid that club as well. Now Nick is convinced that Jenkens is going to capture him unless he finds a more valid hiding place. Soon Nick begins to search out empty apartments in Manhattan, but finds that Jenkens has once again started to raid empty apartments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nick knows that for his survival, he needs to find a way to keep him financially healthy and have a permanent home that would be almost impossible for Jenkens to trace. Upon arrival at an empty apartment, Nick notices the name on one of the Envelopes, Johnothan R, Crosby. Nick also finds out that the Crosbys live in another country most of the time and their apartment would suit him fine for the temporary time being. First, to prevent Jenkens from finding him, he follow one of Jenken’s men to the office where the headquaters of the investigation are housed, he then burn up most of the papers in the office so that the investigation would lose every thing that they had found.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After knowing that it would be difficult for Jenkens to locate him now, he settles down and creates a stock porfolio with a broker. Knowing that it would be almost impossible to for him to guarentee that he would make enough money on the stock market, he devises a plan to secretly spy on people and find secrets of certain markets and places money on the winning stocks.

Did Henry VIII strengthen the role of the Monarch in government?

Henry VIII (born 1491 C. E. – died 1547 C. E. ) ascended the throne in 1509 and soon became one of England’s most successful kings, largely credited with the establishment of a strong and stable monarchy that helped England become the strongest power in the world. Henry VIII succeeded his father, Henry VII, who had ascended the throne with the culmination of the long drawn out War of Roses where many princes, backed by powerful nobles and barons had fought for the throne. Henry VIII, driven by the desire to establish peace and security in his realm, worked towards establishing a strong monarchy.Henry VIII’s relation with the nobles and feudal barons Henry VIII subdued the powers of the nobles and barons and strengthened the role of the monarchy in the government. (G. M. Trevelyan, 1926) Henry VIII established his policy of dealing with the nobles, barons, and chieftains immediately upon ascending the throne. He arrested his father's two most unpopular ministers, Sir Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, charged them with high treason, and subsequently executed them. He dealt with almost all his opponents in a similar fashion throughout his tenure, and with such measures strengthened the role of the monarchy in the government.Henry replaced feudal obligations with law and trade, and imposed loans and grants on the nobility instead of taxes. (W Harrison, G Edelen, 1994) The powerful barons had limited the power of Henry VIII’s predecessors: Henry III, Edward II, and Richard II using aristocratic councils. Henry VIII strove to keep the barons in check by reforming the administration. He created the Committee of the Privy Council, an advisory board, and the Court of the Star Chamber for civil and criminal cases. Committee of the Privy Council and Court of Star ChambersHenry VIII actively involved himself in the Committee of the Privy Council and the Court of Star Chambers constituted by him, and through these means involved himself actively in the administration of the state. (John Bowle, 1964. ) The Committee of the Privy Council that in later centuries became the famous Privy Council enabled Henry VIII to enact laws by mere proclamation, on the advice of the council. Thomas Cromwell, Henry’s minister between 17532 and 1540 monopolized the state of the council and took decisions privately in consultation with Henry VIII.Henry used the Committee of Privy Council and bypassed the parliament to enact laws. The Court of Star Chambers was a separate tribunal distinct from the King's general Council, indented to infuse speed and flexibility to the civil and criminal judicial process. This court supplemented the activities of the common-law and equity courts, acting as a supervisory body. This court also ensured fair enforcement of laws against prominent and powerful people whom the ordinary courts could never convict owing to their influence.The court could also impose punishments for morally reprehensible actions su ch as conspiracy, libel, perjury, and sedition even though such acts were technically legal and ordinary courts could not convict people for such offences. Henry used this court to settle scores with his adversaries and crush powerful barons and nobles. Henry and his ministers encouraged plaintiffs to bring their cases directly to the Star Chamber, bypassing the lower courts entirely. (F. J. Fischer, 2006. ) Henry VIII’s break with the PopeHenry’s break with the Pope at Rome was an indirect result of his effort to create a strong centralized state. (Patrick Fraser Tyler, 1836) The ascension of the Henry VIII’s father Henry VII ended the long drawn out War of Roses, where many warring princes staked claim to the throne since the incumbent king bequeathed no male issues. Henry wanted a male issue to avoid such a situation after his death. Henry’s wife Catherine did not produce the desired male heir, and Henry became enamored to one Anne Boleyn.Henry appeale d to the Pope for the annulment of his marriage with Catherine so that he could marry Anne. Catherine was however the aunt of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, who held the Pope Clement VII as prisoner during this time. The Pope did not annual the marriage. Henry VIII. Henry VIII replaced Cardinal Woolsey, the Pope’s representative in England with Sir Thomas Moore, who proclaimed the opinion of the theologians at Oxford and Cambridge that the marriage of Henry to Catherine had been unlawful. Henry banished Catherine from the court and gave her place to Anne.Henry also appointed his nominee Thomas Crammer as the Archbishop of Canterbury. Thomas Cromwell, a lawyer who supported Anne, brought before Parliament a number of bills including the â€Å"Supplication against the Ordinaries† and the â€Å"Submission of the Clergy. † The former required the clergy to put all complaints in writing to the king. The latter made the Church of England relinquish power to formul ate church laws without the king’s license and assent. The parliament passed these acts in 1532 C. E and thereby established the supremacy of the monarchy over the church in England.The supremacy of the monarchy over the church marks a cornerstone in the powers of the king, for in medieval life the church controlled much of social life and polity, and this now passed on to the king. The process of breaking off with the Pope at Rome continued throughout Henry’s reign. In 1540, Henry sanctioned the destruction of shrines to saints. In 1542 Henry dissolved all of England's monasteries and transferred their property to the Crown. Abbots and priors lost their seats in the House of Lords and only archbishops and bishops came to comprise the ecclesiastical element of the body.The Lords Temporal now outnumbered the Lords Spiritual or the members of the clergy in the House of Lords. Legislations confirming supremacy of the King Henry’s parliament followed up the supremac y over the church with further legislations that strengthened the role of the monarchy in the administration of he state. (J. R. Tanner, 1930) The Act of Succession of 1533 repudiated â€Å"any foreign authority, prince, or potentate† thereby rejecting the decisions of the Pope and validating the marriage of Henry and Anne.All adults in the Kingdom were required to acknowledge these provisions by oath, and those who refused were subject to imprisonment for life. Any publisher or printer of any literature alleging that Henry’s marriage with Anne was invalid was automatically guilty of high treason punishable by death. The House of Commons forbade all appeals to Rome and exacted penalties of praemunire against all who introduced papal bulls into England. The Ecclesiastical Appointments Act 1534 required the clergy to elect bishops nominated by the Sovereign.The Act of Supremacy or the â€Å"Peter’s Pence Act† of 1534 declared the King as the â€Å"the only Supreme Head in Earth of the Church of England,† and declared that Henry's â€Å"imperial crown† had been diminished by â€Å"the unreasonable and uncharitable usurpations and exactions† of the Pope. The Treasons Act 1534 made it high treason, punishable by death, to refuse to acknowledge the King as the supreme head in earth of the Church of England. Suppression of opponents Henry’s religious policies found some opposition in England, and such rebels found ready backing from the feudal barons who grudged Henry for curtailing their powers.Henry charged with treason and executed the dissenters, the prominent ones being John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas More, Henry's former Lord Chancellor. A major resistance was the Pilgrimage of Grace, a large uprising in northern England that broke out in October 1536. Henry, instead of relying on his nobles and barons to crush the rebels, as his predecessors did personally took the field, and by a combina tion of force and tact, trapped the rebel leader Robert Aske, arrested the rebels and executed them for treason.The suppression of the opponents of Henry’s religious policy, combined with Henry’s method of silencing his other enemies ensued that he could rule virtually unopposed and led to a strong monarchy in England.. Development of the navy Henry VIIIs efforts at developing the Royal Navy freed the monarchy from dependence on feudal vassals, and besides raised his prestige and power and further strengthened the role of the monarchy in the administration. (D. M. Loades, 1992)Henry established the Royal Navy in order to ward off dangers of a Papal inspired invasion from the seas from France or Spain. He invested in shipbuilding, dockyards, and naval innovations such as the use of canons. He also strengthened the costal defenses and built fortresses at costal areas using the materials of demolished monasteries. This reduced the king’s dependence on private ships to ward off external dangers and thereby further strengthened the monarchy at the expense of hitherto powerful merchants, barons, and clergy.Henry’s ships played a big role in England crushing the Spanish Armada during Henry’s daughter Queen Elizabeth’s reign, an event that led to English supremacy of the world’s seas. External conquests Henry’s desire to strengthen the monarchy and create a strong and centralized state resulted in his developing imperial ambitions within the British Isles. He annexed Wales to England and strengthened his hold over Ireland. Henry claimed feudal superiority over Scotland as a function of his ‘imperial' title to the English Crown, and defeated Scotland in the battle of Solway Moss in November 1541 C.E. Henry forced the Treaty of Greenwich upon Scotland and projected a union of the Scottish and English crowns by marrying the Scottish prince Edward and his daughter Mary Stuart. Scotland however remained a French ally, and Henry struck a deal with Charles V of Spain to attack France in 1544. He accompanied the army to Calais and took personal command of his strategy. The Treaty of Camp of June 1546 that ended the war saw England retain Boulogne until 1554, when the French would buy it back for  £600,000.Though the war per se was costly and ineffective, it did add to Henry's honor and bolstered his reputation as an absolute monarch. Analysis Henry VIII’s efforts to strengthen the monarchy resulted in England developing into a strong and stable state, free from the weakening and distracting influence of feudal barons, powerful nobles and clergy. His strong intervention in the running of the state not only ensured a smooth break from Rome and gave England a national identity, but also avoided religious wars and other distracting civil war.He conditioned the nobility to serve the Crown and subordinated the clergy to the secular State. He laid the foundation for a modern and centralized state, and even the distant parts of his kingdom began to experience the power of the monarchy. The remarkable feature of his reign is that even though he created a strong central state with the active intervention of the monarch, he enhanced the power of the parliament, by making common law superior to all other types of law and bringing people hitherto excluded from the legal process into its fold.The biggest beneficiary of this stability was trade, which prospered and added to the wealth of the nation. Henry established a progressive system of taxation that greatly enhanced state finances. A school of though led by scholars like A. F. Pollard regard Henry VIII as a weak man who took decisions based on the influence of ministers like Thomas Cromwell, and that his dominance remained confined to his wives, ministers and political institutions.This opinion however does not carry much weight, and historical accounts articulate Henry VIII as king with a charismatic presence and as a d ynamic political force whose views his ministers and the government accommodated rather than the other way round. Henry also exerted a powerful influence as supreme head of the Church of England, not merely by issuing decrees at will, but by engaging Cranmer and panels of expert theologians in a systematic and academic exchange of opinions. The only criticism that holds against Henry VIII is that he was s a supreme egotist who sometimes allowed passion and not reason to govern his actions.This criticism however does not make him ineffective or discount the fact that he was one of the most effective and remarkable rulers to sit on the English throne, and greatly strengthened the role of the monarch in the government. Conclusion Henry VIII raised the power of the monarchy and thereby not only transformed a weak medieval government into a more contemporary and strong one, but also gave England the much needed peace, stability and smooth succession of future monarchs, all of which enabl ed her to become a superpower by the time of Queen Elizabeth.

Anthem Report essays

Anthem Report essays If I could summarize Anthem in a few words, I would say that it was a book about people struggling to find themselves. The story takes place in a city that is moving technologically backwards sometime in the future. I would describe the main character, Equality 7-2521, as a hero who stands up in what he believes in. Equality is an indirect character because the author didn't just tell us what he was like. You could tell that he was a nice person the way he thought and acted. He was pretty much a static character because he didn't change much throughout the book. He changed a little bit, but not enough to call him a dynamic character. I would say its somewhere in the middle. Equality is definitely a flat character. He stuck to one thing throughout the book, which is how much different he was than everybody else. My favorite line that Equality said is "We shall never leave this house nor let it be taken from us". This line tells you what type of person Equality was. It is showing you that he was strong in what he believed in and determined to do the right thing. Nobody really liked him except the people he had grown up with. The World Council was afraid of him because of his invention. It doesn't really say how he dressed, but I'm guessing he wore really dirty old clothes since he was a street sweeper and didn't have no money. In a nutshell, the plot is about a boy named Equality 7-2521 and a girl named Liberty 5-3000 trying to find the word I. Without a doubt, the climax of the story was when Equality 7-2521 ran away into the Uncharted forest. I found that when he found the underground tunnel to be the best part of the book. Each of these aspects of the novel helps to make it exciting and interesting. ...

Lecture study notes Essays

Lecture study notes Essays Lecture study notes Essay Lecture study notes Essay Lecture 1: The Idea of Conservation: Humankinds knowledge brings responsibility and manages human use of the planet earth. Topics: what is conservation, history of resource conservation movements, approaches to natural resource conservation management The Great Resource is: Education; the knowledge also brings responsibility not borne by the bacteria-the responsibility to manage the human use of the planet earth argues that both the creation and decline of civilizations is related to more than resource availability-it is human kind that provides the key factor of economic evelopment-specifically the ideas and values that we use to think. What is conservation? 1 . Why should we be concerned with conservation of our natural resources? 2. At this point in time? 3. Ultimately why conserve rather than exploit? A Brief History of the Resource Conservation, Environmental, and Sustainability Movements l. Conservation in the Nineteenth Century the 1700s and 1800s were time of seemingly limitedness boundaries in the United States. -George Perkins Marsh-wrote Man and Nature in 1864, it served as a catalyst for the fledging conservation movement -John Muir-born in Scotland in 1838; in 1867, he walked from Indiana to the Gulf of Mexico; lobbied for the establishment of Yosemite and Sequoia national parks; Yellowstone (1872) and Sequoia (1890) were established because of his efforts; in 1872, he founded the Sierra Club. II. Conservation in the Twentieth Century -First wave (1901-1909) -concerned with the severe depletion of timber and the growing apprehension that resources were being grossly mismanaged, Theodore Roosevelt established a 50 member National Conservation Commission. -Gifford Pinchot-profoundly influenced the way forests are now managed; he later became the first chief of the Forest ervice. second wave (1933-1941) -FDR established a National Resources Board which completed the nations second comprehensive Natural Resources inventory; in its report, the board identified serious resource problems plaguing the country and described methods for solving them. -Examples of Roosevelts Programs -Prairie States Forestry Project (shelter belts), Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), est ablished the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), and established the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and the North American Wildlife and Resources Conference. Third Wave (1960-1980) the conservation movement took off-Rachael Carsons Silent Spring (1962), Paul Ehrlich wrote The Population Bomb, and Garrett Hardins The Tragedy of the Commons -in 1969 Senator Gaylord Nelson called for a nationwide environmental watch-in an attempt to marshal the energies of the nations college students to halt tne accelerating pollutlon ana oestructlon 0T tne envlronment; co-organlzea Dy Denis Hayes, the event was called Earth Day and it continues to be celebrated on April 22. The Decade of the Environment (1970-1980) -Congress responded to citizen protests by enacting many important laws to upgrade ur resources, so this decade became known as the decade of the environment Fourth Wave (1980-Present) -The Beginning of a Sustainable Revolution? from an environmental standpoint the 1980s and 1990s represe nted some of the best of time and worst of times -this was a period of intense resistance to environmental protection, especially in the United States -After suffering through a crippling period of global inflation in the late 70s and early 80s, many politicians and business leaders cast a skeptical eye on environmental protection, perceiving it as a ounterproductive to economic progress -Lester Brown wrote a book Building a Sustainable Future outlining the persistent erosion of the earths life support system and proposed a strategy for building a sustainably society Conservation- the wise use of natural resources to provide a sustained reasonable quality of living for humankind The definition raises some question: what are natural resources, what is wise, use, what does sustained mean, what constitutes a reasonable quality of living? Sustaining Natural Resources -we must find strategies to better manage both renewable and nonrenewable esources -we must consider the exhaustibility of natural resources -some like solar energy, wind, and tidal energy are inexhaustible -renewable resources are not a panacea, some can be exhausted by over exploitation and poor management practices -forests, fish, topsoil, groundwater, and many other renewable resources we depend on, can be depleted -cut down a rain forest and let the soil wash away, and you may have destroyed a valuable renewable resource forever -other nonrenewable resources are finite†such as coal†there is only so much in earths crust Approaches to natural Resource Management . Exploitation-a human-centered approach; suggests that a given resource should be used as intensively as possible to provide the greatest profit to the user: Redwood Forest, Dust Bowl days -Then early in the 1930s, an eight-year drought began, and a series of major wind storms swep t over the Great Plains and the Southwest creating huge smothering dust storms. 2. Preservation-a nature-centered approach; suggest that resources should be preserved, set aside, and protected -John Muir-founder of the Sierra Club, Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks -Earth First, wilderness 3. Utilitarian-sustained yield-approach; renewable resources should be managed so that they will never be exhausted -Gifford Pinchot leaay Roosevelt 4. Ecological or sustained approach-managing natural resources and ourselves based on ecological principles -requires a system approach -ecosystem approach -functioning ecosystems -process oriented restoration Several disciplines are important in answering these questions: -Ecology-what can be done, what kind of planet can we have? -Economics-what is economically feasible? -Politics-what is politically viable? -Ethics/theology-what ought to be done?

Dave and Busters Tour Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dave and Busters Tour - Coursework Example The gaming zone is a major attraction at all the branches. Games on offer include pool and bowling. Whereas in the arcade gaming zone Star Wars, Kung Fu Panda, Transformers, Batman, Fishbowl Frenzy and various others are available to play. In addition to all this the restaurant also provides sponsorships for major events such as WWE and UFC. Keeping in mind these offerings it is important to understand that the franchise needs some refurbishments. Hence if I were running the place I would make the following changes. Food is an attraction for people and delicious food is a reason for them to come again. If I were to set the menu of the restaurant I would do it with keeping in mind what type of crowd the place generates. Prices of the food items need to be monitored as the prices to certain dishes are high. My target audiences are the kids because they require a place to hangout, where they could eat and get entertained. I would include various deals for youngsters by which they could enjoy a worthy meal and could also try their hands on a few games. I would also provide them with bottomless sodas. I would also set the menu for other age groups. If certain people just come to drink or play games I would offer them with food tastings that would tempt them to get the whole meal. Another major addition to the food section is the commencement of breakfast. Breakfasts are the first meals of the day, hence if we provide healthy and delicious breakfast to our customers they would come back later for the other attractions. I would reassess the gaming and arcade zone again as it attracts people from all age groups. I would sponsor championships for billiards and bowling. The sponsored championships would have good prize money and a chance to become a lifelong member at Dave and Buster’s restaurants. Whereas for the video gaming section a similar scheme can be applied, where I would organize regular events for the gamers. Playing video games

Two short answer comments to a posting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two short answer comments to a posting - Essay Example There is almost this tendency to actually want Korea to remain reclusive. A reservation that their silence, coupled with high hopes that they will not cause harm, is a better situation for the whole of the world. These inconsistencies may be perceived as nothing less than provocation and quite considerable, in parallel to the comment which delves in overanalyzing a hypothetical that leads to rhetoric. Nothing is really accomplished. It is nothing more than redundant exercise of foreseeable prospective. The recent development of a probable change in leadership serves as a trigger to renewed talks on what could happen. As Andrei Lankov was quoted saying â€Å"He will be a dictator, but merely a rubber-stamping dictator. This is what the people in the positions of power want† (McDonald 2010). If this were to happen, then nothing really changes and U.S., China and all other countries may just again fall to its habit of waiting, as it had done up to this point. 2. The second commen t is, in a manner of speaking, the other side of the coin. It recognizes what North Korea has been irked about for a long time, that the United States does not take it seriously. A recognition even Iran had been given.